Telecom Agentic Network Framework
A five-layer multi-agent architecture for autonomous network operations spanning 4G LTE and 5G NR, aligned to TM Forum Autonomous Network Levels 4→5. Each layer hosts specialized AI agents that collaborate via standardized A2A protocols, closed-loop control, and real-time data pipelines to achieve cross-domain autonomy.
TM Forum Autonomous Network Levels
The TM Forum Autonomous Network (AN) Levels provide a standardized, industry-wide framework for measuring and guiding the evolution of network automation. By establishing a common language and set of benchmarks, the levels allow Mobile Network Operators to objectively assess their current maturity and define clear, measurable targets for their digital transformation — bridging high-level business goals such as cost reduction and improved customer experience to the technical implementation of AI-driven, self-managing networks.
Fully manual, tool-assisted only
Monitoring with manual execution
Closed-loop within defined scope
Autonomous in defined scenarios
Cross-domain autonomous ops
Fully autonomous, self-evolving
Five-Layer Agent Architecture
Each layer hosts autonomous agents with deep domain expertise and standardized northbound/southbound interfaces
Converts business/customer intents into network-level policies and SLA objectives. Leverages LLM reasoning and telecom ontology.
Monitors business KPIs (ARPU, NPS, churn risk). Triggers network adjustments to protect revenue-impacting SLAs.
Enforces regulatory (FCC, CCPA, GDPR), safety, and change management policies. Acts as guardrail for all autonomous actions.
Correlates network quality with customer experience scores. Proactively resolves degradations before ticket creation.
Top-level network-wide coordinator. Decomposes cross-domain tasks, manages agent lifecycle, resolves inter-domain conflicts.
Manages end-to-end network slice lifecycle (create, scale, terminate). Spans RAN, Core, Transport and Cloud domains.
Implements TM Forum closed-loop automation. Sense → Analyze → Decide → Execute across all domains simultaneously.
Cross-domain threat coordination. Orchestrates isolation, mitigation, and recovery across RAN, Core, and IT domains.
AI-driven radio resource management, beamforming optimization, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC), and load balancing.
Dynamic power management for base stations. Sleep mode scheduling, carrier deactivation, and renewable energy coordination.
Monitors the performance of each 5G network slice against SLAs ensuring proper capacity, performance, and policy optimization.
Continuous coverage gap detection and remediation. Tilt optimization, handover parameter tuning, NSA/SA coordination to protect voice SLAs.
Self-Organizing Network automation for LTE eNodeBs. Manages ANR, MRO, MLB, and ICIC across the E-UTRAN to optimise LTE coverage and capacity.
Orchestrates LTE-NR dual connectivity (EN-DC) and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing. Manages anchor cell selection, SCG addition/release, and inter-RAT handovers.
Autonomously manages LTE carrier aggregation (up to 5CC), PRB utilisation, and PDCP/RLC layer optimisation to maximise throughput and user fairness.
Monitors LTE coverage and VoLTE call quality (MOS, CSFB rate). Drives antenna tilt, power adjustments, and IMS bearer prioritisation to protect voice SLAs.
Manages 5G Core NF lifecycle (AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, NRF). Auto-scaling based on UE session load and QoS demand.
Autonomous SR-MPLS path computation, traffic engineering, and protection switching. RSVP-TE/SRv6 policy management.
Dynamic QoS policy enforcement per subscriber, slice, and application. Integrates with charging and CRM for real-time policy changes.
Kubernetes-native VNF/CNF lifecycle management. Auto-healing, auto-scaling of cloud infrastructure for network workloads.
Automates MME pool rebalancing, TAU/attach optimisation, and S1-AP congestion management. Handles inter-MME handover signalling and overload control.
Manages S-GW and P-GW instance scaling, bearer binding, and GTP-U tunnel load. Drives PCEF policy enforcement and online charging integration with OCS.
Manages HSS subscriber profile synchronisation with UDM during 4G/5G interworking. Automates roaming profile updates and IMS subscriber provisioning.
Real-time policy and charging control via PCRF. Manages QCI/ARP bearer priorities, fair-use throttling, and Diameter Gy/Ro interface with OCS for prepaid control.
AI-powered fault correlation across all domains. Root cause analysis, automated ticket creation, and remediation execution.
Real-time KPI/KQI monitoring and anomaly detection. Predictive degradation alerting before SLA breach occurs.
Intent-driven configuration changes via YANG models and NETCONF/RESTCONF. Automated rollback on failure detection.
Real-time network topology management. Physical/logical/service layer reconciliation. Digital twin synchronization.
End-to-end service quality monitoring bridging OSS/BSS. Correlates network events to customer service impact.
Ingests high-volume streaming telemetry (gNMI, SNMP, syslog). Feature engineering pipeline for ML model consumption.
Manages telecom-specific ML model lifecycle. A/B testing, model drift detection, automatic retraining triggers for RAN/Core models.
Maintains live digital twin of network topology and state. Runs what-if simulations before autonomous changes are executed.
Unified subscriber profile management. Real-time UE behaviour analytics, location clustering, and ARPU segmentation.
Telecom knowledge graph encoding relationships between network elements, faults, changes, and customer impact. Powers RCA agents.
Device firmware, stability, performance, and known performance issues affecting subscriber experience.
Automated cost analysis and implementation agent for ordering, forecasting, and investment prioritisation.
Detection and application of external environmental impacts: weather, natural disasters, pedestrian/train/vehicle traffic, special events, etc.
Agent-to-Agent Interaction Matrix
Interaction intensity between domain agents and data agents — ● Strong ◉ Medium · Weak — None
| Domain Agent ↓ / Data Agent → | Telemetry | ML Registry | Digital Twin | Subscriber | Knowledge Graph | RAN AI (Vendor) | Core NF Insights | Transport Analytics | Security Intel | AI Foundation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAN Optimization Agent | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ● | · | ◉ | · | ● |
| RAN Energy Agent | ● | ◉ | ● | ◉ | · | ● | · | · | — | ◉ |
| Spectrum Mgmt Agent | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | · | ● | · | · | — | ◉ |
| 5G CNF Agent | ● | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ● |
| IP/MPLS Routing Agent | ● | ◉ | ● | · | ◉ | · | ◉ | ● | ◉ | ◉ |
| Fault Mgmt Agent | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ● | ◉ | ● | ● | ◉ | ● |
| Config Mgmt Agent | ◉ | ◉ | ● | · | ● | ◉ | ● | ◉ | · | ◉ |
| E2E Slice Orchestrator | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ● |
| Security Orchestrator | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ◉ | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ◉ | ● | ● |
| Customer Experience Agent | ● | ● | ◉ | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | · | · | ● |
| SON Agent (4G/5G) | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ● | · | ◉ | · | ◉ |
| LTE–NR Coexistence Agent | ● | ● | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ● | ◉ | · | · | ● |
| MME Management Agent (4G) | ● | ◉ | ● | ● | ◉ | · | ● | · | ◉ | ◉ |
| S/P-GW Scaling Agent (4G) | ● | ◉ | ● | ● | · | · | ● | ◉ | ◉ | ◉ |
| LTE Charging & Policy Agent | ◉ | ◉ | ◉ | ● | ◉ | · | ● | · | · | ◉ |
Key Data Flow Patterns
Primary interaction protocols and sequencing between domain agents and data agents
Telemetry Agent streams gNMI/SNMP metrics → Kafka topic consumed by Performance Mgmt Agent
ML Model Registry Agent serves anomaly detection inference → detects KPI degradation pattern
Digital Twin Agent simulates remediation options → scores risk before execution
Config Mgmt Agent applies YANG-based change via NETCONF → automated rollback if metrics worsen
Intent Translation Agent receives enterprise SLA request → maps to slice template and QoS parameters
Subscriber Data Agent provides UE mobility patterns → E2E Slice Orchestrator pre-positions UPF instances
RAN AI Vendor Agent (O-RAN xApp) configures RAN slice QoS via A1 Policy interface in real-time
Service Assurance Agent monitors E2E slice KPIs → escalates to Business KPI Agent if SLA at risk
Security Intelligence Vendor Agent publishes STIX threat indicators → enriched by Knowledge Graph Agent
Security Orchestrator Agent correlates signalling anomalies from 5GC NF Agent with threat feed
Policy Control Agent enforces PCF rule blocking suspicious UE sessions → Subscriber Data Agent updates blacklist
Policy & Compliance Agent validates action against regulatory guardrails before execution and logs for audit
LTE–NR Coexistence Agent detects candidate UE for 4G→5G handover via EN-DC measurement reports from eNB/gNB telemetry
MME Management Agent coordinates N26 interface signalling with 5GC NF Agent (AMF) for seamless context transfer
S/P-GW Scaling Agent coordinates with 5GC NF Agent (SMF/UPF) for PDU session continuity — S5/S8 to N9 user-plane switchover
LTE Charging & Policy Agent (PCRF) synchronises QoS policies with Policy Control Agent (PCF) to maintain bearer continuity post-handover